Chemical Composition of the Leaf Essential Oils of Croton zambesicus Müll.-Arg. Grown in Lagos, South-West Nigeria
Akintayo L. Ogundajo
Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, PMB 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
Isiaka A. Ogunwande *
Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, PMB 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
Hammed G. Gbadamosi
Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, PMB 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
Rukayat Giwa
Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Lagos State University, PMB 0001, Lasu Post Office, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
Guido Flamini
Department of Chemistry Bioorganicae Farmaceutische Based Biopharmaceuticals University of Pisa, Via Bonnano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Croton zambesicus Müll.-Arg., collected from Agbara-Lagos, Nigeria, was analysed by means of Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and Gas chromatography coupled with Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sixty constituents accounting for 98.9% of the total oil contents were identified from the oil sample. The classes of compounds identified in the oil were monoterpene hydrocarbons (35.3%), oxygenated monoterpenes (22.9%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (32.4%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (5.6%). The oil was dominated by β-pinene (15.1%), β-caryophyllene (12.6%), germacrene D (10.9%), camphor (7.3%), linalool (7.0%), sabinene (6.4%) and α-pinene (5.2%).
Aims: The aim of the research is to investigate the volatile constituents from C. zambesicus harvested in Lagos, Nigeria.
Study Design: Extraction of essential oil from the air-dried leaf samples of C. zambesicus and investigation of its chemical constituents.
Place and Duration of Study: Leaf samples of C. zambesicus were collected from Agbara, Lagos, on April 2011.
Methodology: Air-dried and pulverized leaves were hydrodistilled in a Clevenger-type apparatus to obtained pale yellow volatile oil whose chemical constituents was analyzed by GC and GC/MS.
Results: A total of sixty compounds were identified, amounting to 98.9%of the total oil contents. The major were compounds β-pinene (15.1%), β-caryophyllene (12.6%), germacrene D (10.9%) and camphor (7.3%). Variations in compositional pattern were observed between this result and the previous studies.
Conclusion: The literature about the C. zambesicus indicates a high variability in the chemical composition of the essential oils.
Keywords: Croton zambesicus, β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, camphor, linalool