Tithonia diversifolia Powder and Compost Ameliorate Plant Growth Parameters, Essential Oils, Phenols and Flavonoids Content and Anticandida Activity of Ocimum gratissimum L.
European Journal of Medicinal Plants,
Page 25-35
DOI:
10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i430460
Abstract
Aims: Ocimum gratissimum is an aromatic and medicinal plant, well known for its medicinal values such as antifungal properties. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of T. diversifolia powder and compost use as biofertilizer on the growth parameters, essential oil (EO), total phenolic and flavonoid content and anticandida activity of O. gratissimum.
Study Design: O. gratissimum plants were cultivated for 8 months in an experimental farm designed as a split plot into 4 blocks. Each block was amended (main factor) either with T. diversifolia compost (150 g/plant), powder (40 g/plant) or the synthetic fertilizer NPK (10 g/plant), respectively, followed by sprayed (second factor) with same fertilizer at 20 g/L, 20 g/L and 2 g/L or water every two weeks after transplantation. The control block received no amendment and was sprayed with water or the previous fertilizer.
Place and Duration of Study: This work was carried out within August 2019 to October 2020 in Yaoundé-Cameroon.
Methodology: Plant growth parameters (fresh and dry leaves weight, florescent weight and plant height) were evaluated at four and eight months after transplantation. The harvested fresh leaves were hydrodistillated for EO and the hot aqueous extract. Both extracts were used for the evaluation of the anticandida activity while the latter was submitted to total flavonoids and phenolic analyses.
Results: At 4 and 8 months after transplantation, the synthetic fertilizer and T. diversifolia compost significantly increased plant growth parameters as compared to other treatments. The plants treated with T. diversifolia biofertilizer compost showed the highest total phenolic (53.16 µg GAE/µL), flavonoid (36.32 µg// GAE/µL) content, and EO yield (0.666%). The EO from O. gratissimum treated with T. diversifolia compost showed the best inhibitory activity on C. albicans NR-29451.
Conclusion: This study showed that T. diversifolia compost was a promising organic fertilizer in optimizing the growth, secondary metabolites and anticandida activity of O. gratissimum.
Keywords:
- Tithonia diversifolia
- plant growth parameters
- secondary metabolites
- Ocimum gratissimum
- anticandida bioactivity
How to Cite
References
Adebolu TT, Salau AO. Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum on selected diarrhea causing bacteria in southwestern Nigeria. Afr J Biotech. 2005;4:682-684.
Ijeh II, Omodamiro OD, Nwanna IJ. Antimicrobial effects of aqueous and ethanolic fractions of two spices, Ocimum gratissimum and Xylopia aethiopica. Afr J Biotech. 2005;(4):953-956.
Sheelu M, Pradeep D, Ravinder K, Anil K, Vinod C. Pharmacological and physico-chemical properties of Tulsi (Ocimum gratissimum L.). The Pharma Innovation Journal. 2017;6(4):181-186.
Oswagwu GGE. The effect of rate of application of poultry manure on the phenol, flavonoid and steroid potentials of the leaves of Ocimum gratissimum. J. Sustain. Agric. Environ. 2008;19(2):102-111. DOI: 10.9734/jeai/2019/v38i330300.
Stephen O, David AA, Abdullahi AB, Oludare OA. Effect of NPK and Poultry Manure on Growth, Yield, and Proximate Composition of Three Amaranths. Journal of Botany. 2014;1-6. Available:https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/828750
Jama B, Palm CA, Buresh RJ, Niang A, Gachengo C, Nziguheba G, Amadalo B. Tithonia diversifolia as a green manure for soil fertility improvement in western Kenya: A review. Agrofor. Syst. 2000;49:201–221. Available:https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006339025728.
Van Sao N, Mui NT, Van Binh. Biomass production of Tithonia diversifolia (wild sunflower), soil improvement on sloping land and use as high protein foliage for feeding goats. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 2010;22:1–7.
Mwine J, Van Damme P, Kamoga G, Nasuuna M, Jumba F. Ethnobotanical survey of pesticidal plants used in South Uganda: Case study of Masaka district. J. Med. Plants Res. 2011;5:1155–1163.
Michel NM, Christophe LK, Roger KV, Mukadi N. Tithonia diversifolia impact used as biofertilizer on maize (Zea mays) in the region Mbujimayi, Kasaï oriental province, DRC. WWJMRD. 2016;2(1):24-27.
Abad MB, Clement MD, Aragan RP, Camarero AS. The influence of soil urban waste compost and nitrogen mineral fertilizer on growth and productivity. In potatoes. Commun. Soil Science Plant Anal.1997;28(17&18):1653. Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629709369905.
Akanbi WB. Growth, Nutrient yield of maize and okra as influenced by compost and nitrogen fertilizer under different cropping systems. Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. 2002:232. DOI: 10.5897/AJB2005.000-3126.
Bouvry, A. Continuous monitoring of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) topology based on partial 4D point clouds. Master’s thesis, Université de Liège-Gembloux. 2017:69.
McDonald S, Prenzler PD, Autovich M, Robards K. Phenols content and antioxidant activity of olive extracts. Food Chemistry. 2001;73:73-84. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00288-0.
Jeptoo A, Aguyoh JN, Saidi M. Tithonia manure improves carrot yield and quality. Global Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health Science. 2013;2(4):136-142.
Kaho F, Yemefack M, Tchantchaouang JC. Effet combiné des feuilles de Tithonia diversifolia et des engrais inorganiques sur les rendements du maïs et les propriétés d’un sol ferralitique au Centre Cameroun. Tropicultura. 2011;39–45. French.
Babajide PA, Akanbi WB, Olabode OS, Olaniyi JO, Ajibola AT. Influence of preapplication on handling techniques of Tithonia diversifolia. A Gray residues on sesame, in south-western Nigeria. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences. 2012;15.
Dongmo NA, Nguefack J, Fouelefack FR, Dakole DC, Kuate TWN, Nkengfack AE, Dongmo LJB. Effect of essential oil and powders of Tithonia diversifolia on the growth parameters and yield of rice in the field. Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol. 2020;7(1):33-45. Available:https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcrbp.2020.701.004.
Nguefack J, Mewouo CMY, Dongmo LJB, Djoufack MM, Fotio D, Dakole DC, Fouelefack R F. Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings in response to treatment with extract of Cymbopogon citratus and mineralization of Tithonia diversifolia leaves and cow dung. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture, and Biotechnology. 2020;5(2):916-927. DOI:10.22161/ijeab.54.11.
Wójcik P. Uptake of mineral nutrients from foliar fertilization. J. Fruit Orn. Plant Res.Spec. Ed. 2004;12:201–218.
Renata NW. Does mineral fertilization modify essential oil content and chemical composition in medicinal plants? Acta Sci. Pol., Hortorumcultus. 2013;12(5):3-16.
Available:https://czasopisma.up.lublin.pl/index.php/asphc/article/view/2932.
Mohr FB, Lermen C, Gazim ZC, Gonçalves JE, Alberton O. Antifungal activity, yield, and composition of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil. Genet Mol Res. 2017;16(1):1-10. DOI: 10.4238/gmr16019542.
PMID: 28362991.
Fokou JBH, Dongmo PMJ, Boyom FF, Menkem EZ, Bakargna-Via I, Tsague IFK, et al. Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of the Essential Oils of Ocimum gratissimum from Yaounde and Dschang-Cameroon. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2014;2: 257-268.
Omobolanle A-AE, Henrietta OO, Lyle EC. Growth and Essential Oil Yield of African Basil, Ocimum gratissimum, under Light and Water Stress. Journal of Medicinally Active Plants. 2013;1(4):143-149. https://doi.org/10.7275/R59W0CD7.
Dubey NK, Tiwari TN, Mandin D, Andriamboavonjy H, Chaumont J-P. Antifungal properties of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil (ethyl cinnamate chemotype). Fitoterapia. 2000;71:567–569. PMID: 11449510 DOI: 10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00206-9.
Ganjewala D, Luthra R. Essential oil biosynthesis and metabolism of geranyl acetate and geraniol in developing Cymbopogon flexuosus (Nees ex Steud) Wats Mutant cv. GRL 1 leaf. Am. J. Plant Physiol. 2007;2(4):269–275.
– 5075/2009/0300 – 0251.
Woronuk G, Demisse Z, Rheault M, Mahmoud S. Biosynthesis and therapeutic properties of Lavandula essential oil constituents. Planta Med. 2011;77(1):7-15.
PMID: 20665367 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250136.
Aziz EE, El-Danasoury, MM, Craker LE. Impact of sulphur and ammonium sulphate on dragon head plants grown in newly reclaimed soil. J. Herbs Spices Med. Plants. 2010;16(2):126–135. Available:https://doi.org/10.1080/10496475.2010.508973.
Jabbari R, Dehaghi MA, Sanavi AMM, Agahi K. Nitrogen and iron fertilization methods affecting essential oil and chemical composition of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) medical plant. Adv. Environ. Biol. 2011;5(2):433–438.
Taie HAA, Salama ZA-ER, Radwan S. Potential activity of basil plants as a source of antioxidants and anticancer agents as affected by organic and bio-organic fertilization. Not. Bot. Hort. Agrobot. Cluj. 2010;38(1):119–127. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha3813534.
Koeduka T, Fridman E, Gang DR, Vassao DG, Jackson BL, Kosh CM, et al. Eugenol and iso-eugenol, characteristic aromatic constituents of spices, are biosynthesized via reduction of a coniferyl alcohol ester. PNAS. 2006;103(26):10128–10133.
Cheng Y, Liu L, Zhao G, Shen C, Yan H, Guan J, Yang K. The effects of modified atmosphere packaging on core browning and the expression patterns of PPO and PAL genes in “Yali” pears during cold storage LWT. Food Sci. Technol. 2015;60(2:2):1243-1248. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(18)61940-9.
De Jong F, Hanley SJ, Beale MH, Karp A. Characterization of the willow phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) gene family reveals expression differences compared with poplar. Phytochemistry. (2015);117:90-97. Available:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.06.005.
Suhr KI, Nielsen PV. Antifungal activity of essential oils evaluated by two differents applications techniques against rye bread Spoilage fungi. J Appl Microbiol. 2003; 94(4):665-674. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01896.x.
Sainsbury M, Sofowora EA. Essential oil from the leaves and inflorescence of Ocimum gratissimum. Phytochemistry. 1971;10:3309-10.
Oshim IO, Urama EU, Odeyemi O, Olise AN, Odeyemi S. In-vitro Screening of Antimicrobial Activities of Ocimum gratissimum on Clinical Isolates. South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology. 2019; 4(1):1-7. Available:https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2019/v4i130095
-
Abstract View: 83 times
PDF Download: 28 times
